The role of volume and intensity on the association between physical activity and mental health among adolescents: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association between volume and intensity of physical activity and mental health among adolescents. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with 604 Brazilian adolescents. Data were assessed using a self-report questionnaire. The outcomes were suicidal ideation, suspicion of common mental disorders, and negative self-perception of mental health. The independent variables were leisure physical activity at low and moderate-to-vigorous intensities. Volume was analyzed in two ways: any volume (presence vs absence), and volume classified according to amount in minutes of weekly physical activity: inactive (0), low active (1-419), and high active (≥420). Poisson regression was performed to estimate prevalence ratios. RESULTS: Any volume of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was significantly associated with a lower prevalence ratio of all outcomes (PR 0.67 to 0.77). Compared to inactive adolescents, those who were classified as low active for moderate-to-vigorous intensity, presented a lower likelihood of having suicidal ideation, suspicion of common mental disorders, and negative self-perception of mental health (PR 0.70 to 0.76). Furthermore, high active adolescents in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity presented lower suicidal ideation and negative self-perception of mental health (PR 0.62 and 0.57). CONCLUSIONS: The promotion of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity at any volume can benefit the mental health of adolescents, however, no association was evidenced for low intensity physical activity.

The role of volume and intensity on the association between physical activity and mental health among adolescents: a cross-sectional study / O papel do volume e da intensidade na associação entre atividade física e saúde mental em adolescentes: um estudo transversal

Abstract Objective: To analyze the association between volume and intensity of physical activity and mental health among adolescents. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 604 Brazilian adolescents. Data were assessed using a self-report questionnaire. The outcomes were suicidal ideation, suspicion of common mental disorders, and negative self-perception of mental health. The independent variables were leisure physical activity at low and moderate-to-vigorous intensities. Volume was analyzed in two ways: any volume (presence vs absence), and volume classified according to amount in minutes of weekly physical activity: inactive (0), low active (1-419), and high active (≥420). Poisson regression was performed to estimate prevalence ratios. Results: Any volume of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was significantly associated with a lower prevalence ratio of all outcomes (PR 0.67 to 0.77). Compared to inactive adolescents, those who were classified as low active for moderate-to-vigorous intensity, presented a lower likelihood of having suicidal ideation, suspicion of common mental disorders, and negative self-perception of mental health (PR 0.70 to 0.76). Furthermore, high active adolescents in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity presented lower suicidal ideation and negative self-perception of mental health (PR 0.62 and 0.57). Conclusions: The promotion of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity at any volume can benefit the mental health of adolescents, however, no association was evidenced for low intensity physical activity.

Resumo Objetivo: Analisar a associação entre o volume e intensidade da atividade física e a saúde mental de adolescentes. Métodos: Estudo transversal que envolveu 604 adolescentes brasileiros. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário autorrelatado. Os desfechos foram ideação suicida, suspeita de transtornos mentais comuns e autopercepção negativa de saúde mental. A variável independente foi a atividade física em tempo livre nas intensidades leve e moderada a vigorosa. O volume foi analisado de duas formas: qualquer volume (presença vs. ausência); e de acordo com a quantidade de atividade física semanal em minutos — inativos (0), pouco ativos (1-419) e altamente ativos (≥420). A regressão de Poisson foi realizada para estimar as razões de prevalência (RP). Resultados: Qualquer volume de atividade física de intensidade moderada a vigorosa foi significativamente associado à menor razão de prevalência de todos os desfechos (RP 0,67 a 0,77). Comparados aos adolescentes inativos, aqueles que foram classificados como pouco ativos na intensidade moderada a vigorosa apresentaram menor probabilidade de ter ideação suicida, suspeita de transtornos mentais comuns e autopercepção negativa de saúde mental (RP 0,70 a 0,76). Da mesma forma, adolescentes altamente ativos na intensidade moderada a vigorosa apresentaram menor ideação suicida e autopercepção negativa de saúde mental (RP 0,62 e 0,57). Conclusões: A promoção de atividade física moderada a vigorosa em qualquer volume pode beneficiar a saúde mental de adolescentes, no entanto nenhuma associação foi evidenciada para a atividade física na intensidade leve.

General Versus Vocational Education in High School: Cross-Sectional Associations with Student's Health.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to analyze the association between course type and health among high school students. METHODS: A cross-sectional study with 675 Brazilian high school students. The independent variable was course type (general or vocational) and dependent variables were health characteristics. All information was obtained by a self-report questionnaire and the following health characteristics were analyzed: mental health, physical activity, sedentary behavior, food consumption, daytime sleepiness, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, aggression, and musculoskeletal symptoms. The prevalence ratio (PR) was estimated by Poisson regression. RESULTS: Vocational students presented a higher prevalence in 7 of the 20 mental health symptoms analyzed (PR = 1.21-1.64), daytime sleepiness (PR = 1.39-1.71), and musculoskeletal symptoms in neck, shoulders, low back, and knees (PR = 1.31-1.41), and a lower likelihood of being physically active (PR = 0.59-0.70). Conversely, vocational students showed lower sedentary behavior on TV and videogames during the week (PR = 0.35-0.46), consumption of snacks, cookies, and crackers (PR = 0.56-0.72), and experiences of aggression (PR = 0.13-0.17), all P < .05. CONCLUSIONS: High school can affect students' health distinctly, indicating that intervention programs and health monitoring should be specific to course type.

Prevalence of common mental disorders among Brazilian workers: systematic review and meta-analysis.

The aim of the present study was to summarize the prevalence of common mental disorders (CMD) among Brazilian workers through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Searches were conducted in SciELO, LILACS, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Articles were included if they had; an observational design, a sample of Brazilian workers, used a validated instrument and cut-off to assess CMD, and provided the prevalence value. A random-effect meta-analysis using professional categories as subgroups and a meta-regression were conducted. In total, 89 studies were included, with a total of 56,278 workers from 26 professional categories. The overall pooled prevalence of CMD was 0.30 (95%CI: 0.27-0.34), varying from 0.07 to 0.58. Professional categories that presented higher prevalences of CMD were: Prostitutes 0.58 (95%CI: 0.51-0.65), Social Educators 0.54 (95%CI: 0.50-0.59), Banking Workers 0.45 (95%CI: 0.44-0.47), Ragpickers 0.45 (95%CI: 0.40-0.49), and Teachers 0.40 (95%CI: 0.32-0.48). No other variable in addition to profession was associated with prevalence of CMD in the meta-regression analysis. Workers from the most affected professional categories should be monitored to prevent social, occupational, and health impairment from CMD.

Tracking of physical activity and sedentary behavior of adolescents in different domains

This study aimed to verify the tracking of physical activity and sedentary behavior in different domains during adolescence. This longitudinal study involved 265 subjects (boys: 52.8%) with an initial mean age of 13.9 (± 1.2) years. Physical activity and sedentary behavior were verified using a questionnaire. The achievement of ≥ 150 min. week-1of moderate-to-vigorous intensity sport and/or physical exercise for ≥ 1 month was adoptedas sufficiently active. The data were collected on 2 occasions, with an average interval of 3 years. The description of the results used the relative frequency and Binary Logistic Regression was used to estimate the crude and adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals). Current physical activity (adjusted odds ratios = 3.05; 95% confidence intervals: 1.77 -5.26) and sedentary behavior (adjusted odds ratios = 1.81; 95% confidence intervals: 1.03 -3.19) appear to be significantly influenced by previousbehavior, except for light-intensity physical activity. Only 12.8% of the participants remained sufficiently active for sport and/or physical exercise. Practice for at least one month of sport and/or physical exercise at baseline was a predictor of practice in the follow-up, both considering participation for at least one month (adjusted odds ratios = 2.81; 95% confidence intervals: 1.37 -5.79) and for four months (adjusted odds ratios = 2.47; 95% confidence intervals: 1.17 -5.24) in the follow-up. Beingsufficiently active at baseline increased the chance of being sufficiently active in the follow-up during adolescence. Interventions providing sufficient sport and/or physical exercise could positively influence the chances of practice in the future. For light-intensity physical activity interventions, strategies targeting adherence seem especially relevant.

Prevalence of common mental disorders among Brazilian workers: systematic review and meta-analysis / Prevalência de transtornos mentais comuns em trabalhadores brasileiros: revisão sistemática e meta-análise

Abstract The aim of the present study was to summarize the prevalence of common mental disorders (CMD) among Brazilian workers through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Searches were conducted in SciELO, LILACS, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Articles were included if they had; an observational design, a sample of Brazilian workers, used a validated instrument and cut-off to assess CMD, and provided the prevalence value. A random-effect meta-analysis using professional categories as subgroups and a meta-regression were conducted. In total, 89 studies were included, with a total of 56,278 workers from 26 professional categories. The overall pooled prevalence of CMD was 0.30 (95%CI: 0.27-0.34), varying from 0.07 to 0.58. Professional categories that presented higher prevalences of CMD were: Prostitutes 0.58 (95%CI: 0.51-0.65), Social Educators 0.54 (95%CI: 0.50-0.59), Banking Workers 0.45 (95%CI: 0.44-0.47), Ragpickers 0.45 (95%CI: 0.40-0.49), and Teachers 0.40 (95%CI: 0.32-0.48). No other variable in addition to profession was associated with prevalence of CMD in the meta-regression analysis. Workers from the most affected professional categories should be monitored to prevent social, occupational, and health impairment from CMD.

Resumo O objetivo do presente estudo foi descrever a prevalência de transtornos mentais comuns (TMC) em trabalhadores brasileiros por meio de uma revisão sistemática e meta-análise. As buscas foram realizadas no SciELO, LILACS, PubMed, Scopus e Web of Science. Artigos observacionais, com amostra de trabalhadores brasileiros, que utilizaram instrumento e ponto de corte validados e que apresentaram valor de prevalência foram incluídos. Foram realizadas a meta-análise com efeito aleatório utilizando as categorias profissionais como subgrupos e a meta-regressão. Foram incluídos 89 estudos, com um total de 56.278 trabalhadores de 26 categorias profissionais. A prevalência global de TMC foi de 0,30 (IC95%: 0,27-0,34), variando de 0,07 a 0,58. As categorias profissionais que apresentaram maiores valores de TMC foram: prostitutas 0,58 (IC95%: 0,51-0,65), educadores sociais 0.54 (IC95%: 0,50-0,59), bancários 0,45 (IC95%: 0,44-0,47), coletores 0,45 (IC95%: 0,40-0,49) e professores 0,40 (IC95%: 0,32-0,48). Nenhuma outra variável além da profissão se associou ao TMC na meta-regressão. Trabalhadores das categorias profissionais mais afetadas por TMC devem ser monitorados para prevenir os prejuízos sociais, ocupacionais e de saúde associados aos TMC.

AGREEMENT BETWEEN PHYSICAL BEST AND FITNESSGRAM CRITERION-REFERENCED STANDARDS FOR MUSCULAR STRENGTH AND ENDURANCE.

OBJECTIVE: To verify the agreement between PHYSICAL BEST and FITNESSGRAM health-related criteria for muscle strength and endurance. METHODS: This agreement study had a sample of 81 children and adolescents. Participants were submitted to the PHYSICAL BEST (Sit-up and Pull-up) and FITNESSGRAM (Curl-up and Modified Pull-up) test batteries. Additionally, FITNESSGRAM also proposed criteria for Pull-up test. Results of tests were classified in accordance with their respective criteria. Each group had an interval of seven days between the first and second battery of tests. Statistical analysis used the Kappa index (p<0.05). RESULTS: Sit-up and Curl-up tests among the boys agreed in 72.2% (Kappa=0.368; p=0.004) of cases, and for the girls, in 64.4% (Kappa=0.130; p=0.076). Pull-up (PHYSICAL BEST versus FITNESSGRAM) agreed in 83.3% (Kappa=0.599; p<0.001) for boys. The agreement between Pull-up and Modified Pull-up (PHYSICAL BEST versus FITNESSGRAM) for boys was 47.2% (Kappa=0.071; p=0.533), and for girls, 44.5% (Kappa=0.102; p=0.120). The agreement between the Pull-up and Modified Pull-up tests (FITNESSGRAM) for boys was 58.4% (Kappa=0.215; p=0.143), and for girls, 44.5% (Kappa=0.102; p=0.120). CONCLUSIONS: For individual analysis over time, as well as for the comparison of passing rates between different populations, caution is advised when using different criterion-referenced standards for strength and endurance, particularly if using different tests.

Self-rated health among teachers: prevalence, predictors, and impact on absenteeism, presenteeism, and sick leave.

Introduction: Self-rated health is an important indicator of health in the population, but among teachers, predictive sociodemographic, occupational, and health variables and the impact of self-rated health on absenteeism, presenteeism, and sick-leave are unknown. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of and factors associated with poor self-rated health among elementary school teachers and to investigate whether poor self-rated health can predict absenteeism, presenteeism, and sick leave. Methods: The sample comprised 493 elementary school teachers from Londrina, Paraná, Brazil. A self-report questionnaire was used to assess self-rated health and sociodemographic, occupational, and lifestyle factors, health indicators, chronic diseases, disabilities, and number of days of absenteeism, presenteeism, and sick leave. Poisson regression was used to estimate prevalence ratios and rate ratios. Results: The prevalence of poor self-rated health was 16.4% and the variables positively associated with this outcome were health insurance (prevalence ratio = 2.35), inadequate school infrastructure (prevalence ratio = 1.56), physical activity (prevalence ratio = 0.60), poor perceived fitness (prevalence ratio = 2.44), voice disorders (prevalence ratio =1.46), common mental disorders (prevalence ratio = 1.74), emotional exhaustion (prevalence ratio = 1.61), low personal accomplishment (prevalence ratio = 1.64), chronic disease (prevalence ratio = 2.39), and disability (prevalence ratio = 1.57). Poor self-rated health was positively associated with both absenteeism (rate ratio=1.71) and presenteeism (rate ratio = 1.74). Conclusions: Occupational and individual characteristics associated with impaired physical and mental health should be targeted to improve self-rated health among teachers. Furthermore, a single question on self-rated health is a useful tool for monitoring and preventing absenteeism and presenteeism among teachers.

Introdução: A autopercepção de saúde é um importante indicador de saúde na população; no entanto, em professores, as variáveis preditoras sociodemográficas, ocupacionais e de saúde, bem como o impacto da autopercepção de saúde no absenteísmo, presenteísmo e licenças médicas são desconhecidos. Objetivos: Determinar a prevalência e os fatores associados à autopercepção de saúde ruim em professores do ensino fundamental e investigar se é preditora de absenteísmo, presenteísmo e licenças médicas. Métodos: A amostra foi composta por 493 professores da cidade de Londrina, Paraná, Brasil. Um questionário de autorrelato foi utilizado para avaliar a autopercepção de saúde; os fatores sociodemográficos, ocupacionais e de estilo de vida; os indicadores de saúde; a presença de doenças crônicas e incapacidade; e as taxas de absenteísmo, presenteísmo e licenças médicas. Foi utilizada regressão de Poisson para estimar as razões de prevalência e as razões de taxa. Resultados: A prevalência da autopercepção de saúde ruim foi de 16,4%, tendo as seguintes variáveis apresentado associação positiva com o desfecho: plano de saúde (razão de prevalência = 2,35), infraestrutura escolar inadequada (razão de prevalência = 1,56), atividade física (razão de prevalência = 0,60), percepção de baixa aptidão física (razão de prevalência = 2,44), distúrbios vocais (razão de prevalência = 1,46), transtornos mentais comuns (razão de prevalência = 1,74), exaustão emocional (razão de prevalência = 1,61), baixa realização profissional (razão de prevalência = 1,64), doença crônica (razão de prevalência = 2,39) e incapacidade (razão de prevalência = 1,57). A autopercepção de saúde ruim apresentou associação positiva com o absenteísmo (razão de taxas = 1,71) e presenteísmo (razão de taxas =1,74). Conclusões: Características ocupacionais e individuais associadas à deterioração da saúde física e mental devem ser foco de ações de prevenção, a fim de melhorar a autopercepção de saúde docente. Uma única pergunta sobre a autopercepção de saúde é uma ferramenta útil para monitorar e prevenir o absenteísmo e presenteísmo docente.

Agreement between physical best and fitnessgram criterion-referenced standards for muscular strength and endurance / Concordância entre os critérios physical best e fitnessgram para a força e resistência muscular

ABSTRACT Objective: To verify the agreement between PHYSICAL BEST and FITNESSGRAM health-related criteria for muscle strength and endurance. Methods: This agreement study had a sample of 81 children and adolescents. Participants were submitted to the PHYSICAL BEST (Sit-up and Pull-up) and FITNESSGRAM (Curl-up and Modified Pull-up) test batteries. Additionally, FITNESSGRAM also proposed criteria for Pull-up test. Results of tests were classified in accordance with their respective criteria. Each group had an interval of seven days between the first and second battery of tests. Statistical analysis used the Kappa index (p<0.05). Results: Sit-up and Curl-up tests among the boys agreed in 72.2% (Kappa=0.368; p=0.004) of cases, and for the girls, in 64.4% (Kappa=0.130; p=0.076). Pull-up (PHYSICAL BEST versus FITNESSGRAM) agreed in 83.3% (Kappa=0.599; p<0.001) for boys. The agreement between Pull-up and Modified Pull-up (PHYSICAL BEST versus FITNESSGRAM) for boys was 47.2% (Kappa=0.071; p=0.533), and for girls, 44.5% (Kappa=0.102; p=0.120). The agreement between the Pull-up and Modified Pull-up tests (FITNESSGRAM) for boys was 58.4% (Kappa=0.215; p=0.143), and for girls, 44.5% (Kappa=0.102; p=0.120). Conclusions: For individual analysis over time, as well as for the comparison of passing rates between different populations, caution is advised when using different criterion-referenced standards for strength and endurance, particularly if using different tests.

RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar a concordância entre os critérios relacionados à saúde para força e resistência muscular da PHYSICAL BEST e FITNESSGRAM. Métodos: Estudo de concordância com amostra composta de 81 crianças e adolescentes. Os participantes foram submetidos à bateria da PHYSICAL BEST (Abdominal e Flexão de cotovelos na barra) e da FITNESSGRAM (Abdominal modificado e Flexão de cotovelos na barra modificada). Adicionalmente, a FITNESSGRAM também propôs critérios para a Flexão de cotovelos na barra. Os resultados dos testes foram classificados de acordo com seus respectivos critérios. Houve um intervalo de sete dias entre as aplicações das baterias para cada grupo. A análise estatística utilizou o índice Kappa (p<0,05). Resultados: Os testes Abdominal e Abdominal modificado concordaram em 72,2% (Kappa=0,368; p=0,004) entre os meninos e 64,4% (Kappa=0,130; p=0,076) entre as meninas. Flexão de cotovelos na barra (PHYSICAL BEST versus FITNESSGRAM) concordou em 83,3% (Kappa=0,599; p<0,001) para os meninos. A concordância entre Flexão de cotovelos na barra e Flexão de cotovelos na barra modificada (PHYSICAL BEST versus FITNESSGRAM) foi de 47,2% (Kappa=0,071; p=0,533) para os meninos e 44,5% (Kappa=0,102; p=0,120) para as meninas. A concordância entre o teste de Flexão de cotovelos na barra e de Flexão de cotovelos na barra modificada (fitnessgram) foi de 58,4% (Kappa=0,215; p=0,143) para os meninos e 44,5% (Kappa=0,102; p=0,120) para as meninas. Conclusões: Para análises individuais ao longo do tempo, bem como para a comparação do atendimento entre diferentes populações, recomenda-se cautela ao usar diferentes critérios para a força e resistência, particularmente se forem usados testes diferentes.

Physiology Responses and Players' Stay on the Court During a Futsal Match: A Case Study With Professional Players.

Physiological responses in futsal have not been studied together with temporal information about the players' stay on the court. The aim of this study was to compare heart rate (HR) and blood lactate concentration ([La-]) responses between 1-H and 2-H considering the time of permanency of the players on the court at each substitution in a futsal match. HR was recorded during entire match and [La-] was analyzed after each substitution of seven players. %HRmean (89.61 ± 2.31 vs. 88.03 ± 4.98 %HRmax) and [La-] mean (8.46 ± 3.01 vs. 8.17 ± 2.91 mmol·L-1) did not differ between 1-H and 2-H (ES, trivial-small). Time in intensity zones of 50-100 %HRmax differed only in 60-70 %HRmax (ES, moderate). HR coefficient of variation throughout the match was low (7%) and among the four outfield players on the court (quartets, 5%). Substitutions (2 player's participation in each half), time of permanence on the court (7.15 ± 2.39 vs. 9.49 ± 3.80 min), ratio between time in- and out-ratio on the court (In:Outcourt = 1:1.30 ± 1:0.48 vs. 1:1.05 ± 1:0.55 min) also were similar between 1-H and 2-H (ES, moderate and small, respectively). Balancing the number of substitutions, and the In:Outcourt ratio of players in both halves of the match, playing lower time at 1-H, ~8 min for each participation in the match, made it possible to maintain intensity of the match in 2-H similar to the 1H. These results are a good guidance to coaches and for application in future studies.

Prescribed medication use among elementary teachers: Prevalence and associated factors.

The aims of the study were to assess the prevalence and analyze the associated factors of medication use among teachers. A cross-sectional study was carried out, involving 530 teachers from Londrina city, Paraná, Brazil. The dependent variable was prescribed medication use and the independent variables were sociodemographic, work-related, lifestyle, health disorders, and chronic diseases, all assessed through questionnaires. Prevalence of medication use was 59.1%. Chronic disease was associated with all medications analyzed. Variables positively associated with medication use according to health disorder type were: Cardiometabolic (Length of employment, overweight, not current tobacco use, and TV viewing); Psychological (Length of employment, common mental disorders, current tobacco use, and disability); Orthopedic (Length of employment, health insurance, overweight, musculoskeletal pain, low job support, and disability); Respiratory (TV viewing and problems related to dust or chalk powder); and Gastrointestinal (common mental disorders and physical activity [negative association]). Support for access, the appropriate use of medicines, and a reduction in medication use should consider work-related, lifestyle, and health disorders, as well as chronic diseases.

Prescribed medication use among elementary teachers: Prevalence and associated factors / Uso de medicamento prescrito em professores do ensino fundamental: Prevalência e fatores associados

Abstract The aims of the study were to assess the prevalence and analyze the associated factors of medication use among teachers. A cross-sectional study was carried out, involving 530 teachers from Londrina city, Paraná, Brazil. The dependent variable was prescribed medication use and the independent variables were sociodemographic, work-related, lifestyle, health disorders, and chronic diseases, all assessed through questionnaires. Prevalence of medication use was 59.1%. Chronic disease was associated with all medications analyzed. Variables positively associated with medication use according to health disorder type were: Cardiometabolic (Length of employment, overweight, not current tobacco use, and TV viewing); Psychological (Length of employment, common mental disorders, current tobacco use, and disability); Orthopedic (Length of employment, health insurance, overweight, musculoskeletal pain, low job support, and disability); Respiratory (TV viewing and problems related to dust or chalk powder); and Gastrointestinal (common mental disorders and physical activity [negative association]). Support for access, the appropriate use of medicines, and a reduction in medication use should consider work-related, lifestyle, and health disorders, as well as chronic diseases.

Resumo Os objetivos do estudo foram verificar a prevalência e analisar os fatores associados ao uso de medicamentos em professores. Estudo transversal envolvendo 530 professores da cidade de Londrina, Paraná, Brasil. As variáveis dependentes foram o uso de medicamentos prescritos e as variáveis independentes foram os aspectos sociodemográficos, relacionados ao trabalho, estilo de vida, distúrbios de saúde e doenças crônicas, todas estimadas por meio de um questionário. A prevalência do consumo de medicamento foi de 59,1%. Doenças crônicas foram associadas a todos os medicamentos analisados. As variáveis positivamente associadas ao uso de medicamentos de acordo com o tipo de distúrbio foram: Cardiometabólico (tempo no emprego, sobrepeso, não uso atual de tabaco e uso de TV); Psicológico (tempo no emprego, transtornos mentais comuns, uso atual de tabaco e incapacidade); Ortopédico (tempo no emprego, plano de saúde, sobrepeso, dor musculoesquelética, baixo suporte no trabalho e incapacidade); Respiratório (uso de TV e problemas relacionados à poeira); Gastrointestinal (transtornos mentais comuns e atividade física [associação inversa]). O suporte ao acesso, uso apropriado e redução do uso de medicamentos devem considerar variáveis relacionadas ao trabalho, estilo de vida, distúrbios de saúde e doenças crônicas.

Predictors of health-related absenteeism, presenteeism and sick leave among brazilian elementary school teachers: A cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: The health risks that usually affect teachers are already known; however, the predictors of health related absenteeism, presenteeism, and sick leave have not yet been fully described. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the predictors of health-related absenteeism, presenteeism, and sick leave among elementary school teachers. METHODS: This study involved a probabilistic sample of 519 Brazilian elementary school teachers. The outcomes were days of health-related absenteeism, presenteeism, and sick leave in the previous 12 months. Work-place and individual factors were the independent variables analyzed. RESULTS: Inadequate infrastructure of schools, disability, and medical consultations were positively associated with all outcomes. Teachers who reported having a chronic disease, common mental disorders, and voice disorders presented higher absenteeism and presenteeism days. Musculoskeletal pain and low job support were associated with higher presenteeism and sick leave days. Teachers who performed strength and flexibility activities presented less presenteeism, those who reported physical violence at school were more frequently absent, and teachers with depersonalization presented a higher likelihood of sick leave. CONCLUSIONS: The prevention of health-related absenteeism, presenteeism, and sick leave among elementary teachers should ensure adequate work conditions and prevention and monitoring of health risks.

Longitudinal study of associated factors with adolescent health: Method and sample profile / Estudo longitudinal de fatores associados à saúde do adolescente: Método e perfil amostral

Abstract The aim of this work was to describe the methodological procedures of a longitudinal study on adolescent health, as well as to characterize the sample profile. This research enrolled a sample of 302 adolescents from Londrina - Paraná. Two data collections were carried out with an interval of three years. Anthropometric indicators, blood pressure, heart rate, back pain, academic achievement, physical activity, sedentary behavior, eating habits, alcohol consumption, smoking, socioeconomic status, and motor tests were collected. There was a frequency of high blood pressure of 10.4%; body mass index in conditions associated with health risk of 22.4%; and spinal pain with moderate intensity of 22.1%. Sport and/or physical exercise practice (moderate-to-vigorous; ≥150 minutes/week) was 33.1%. High consumption of unhealthy foods and beverages ranged from 21.2% (coffee or tea) to 58.0% (fried foods). A high proportion (87.1%) reported never having smoked. The grades frequency ≥ seven varied between 21.4% (Biology) and 71.1% (Physical Education). Only 33.2% presented high academic achievement. The highest compliance with criteria was in the curl-up (76.4%) and the lowest in the 90º push-up (37.2%). This work will make it possible to verify the tracking of different behavioral and biological indicators related to health, as well as academic achievement. It will also allow the identification of the association between health outcomes and exposure factors prospectively, considering the influence of potential confounding variables. This information could contribute to the planning of public health interventions and policies.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever os procedimentos metodológicos de um estudo longitudinal sobre a saúde de adolescentes, bem como caracterizar o perfil da amostra. Participaram desta pesquisa 302 adolescentes (13,9±1,2 anos) de Londrina - Paraná. Duas coletas de dados foram realizadas com intervalo de três anos. Foram coletados indicadores antropométricos, pressão arterial, frequência cardíaca, dor na coluna, desempenho escolar, atividade física, comportamento sedentário, hábitos alimentares, consumo de bebidas alcoólicas, tabagismo, condição socioeconômica e testes motores. Verificou-se frequência de pressão arterial elevada de 10,4%; índice de massa corporal em condições associadas com risco à saúde de 22,4%; e dor na coluna com intensidade moderada de 22,1%. A prática de esporte e/ou exercício físico (moderada à vigorosa; ≥150 minutos/semana) foi de 33,1%. O consumo elevado dos alimentos e bebidas não saudáveis variou de 21,2% (café ou chá) a 58,0% (frituras). Elevada proporção (87,1%) relatou nunca ter fumado. As prevalências de notas ≥ sete, variaram entre 21,4% (Biologia) e 71,1% (Educação Física). Apenas 33,2% tiveram desempenho escolar elevado. O maior atendimento de critérios foi no abdominal (76,4%) e o menor flexão de cotovelos (37,2%). Este trabalho possibilitará verificar a estabilidade de diferentes indicadores comportamentais e biológicos relacionados à saúde, bem como do desempenho escolar. Permitirá a identificação da associação entre desfechos em saúde e fatores de exposição de forma prospectiva, considerando a influência de potenciais variáveis de confusão. Tais informações podem contribuir para o planejamento de intervenções e políticas públicas na área da saúde.

Proposal and test-retest reliability of a scale for cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine pain in brazilian young people / Proposição e reprodutibilidade de uma escala de dor na coluna cervical, torácica e lombar em jovens brasileiros

ABSTRACT Objective: To propose and analyze the test-retest reliability of an instrument to verify the presence and intensity of pain in the cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine in Brazilian young people. Methods: This reliability study enrolled a sample of 458 participants (13 to 20 years). Two groups were formed for each sex according to the range of days for the test-retest (10±3 and 28±2 days). For analysis of spinal pain, a drawing of the human body with cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine areas delimited was presented. The following question was presented: during a normal day, do you feel pain in any of these regions of your spine? If so, what is the intensity from 0 to 10 (mark on the line)? The starting point, with the number 0, corresponded to no pain, and the number 10 to severe pain. The agreement of frequency and of intensity of pain was verified by Kappa test and Bland-Altman plot, respectively. Results: Intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.71 (confidence interval of 95% - 95%CI - 0.59-0.79) to 0.94 (95%CI 0.90-0.96). The results concerning the agreement of pain scores showed the mean differences to be close to 0, and the largest mean difference was -0.40 (95%CI -5.14-4.34). The agreement in reported pain ranged from 72.2 (Kappa 0.43; 95%CI 0.28-0.58) to 90.1% (Kappa 0.76; 95%CI 0.60-0.92). Conclusions: This instrument was shown to be a reliable manner to verify the pain in different regions of the spine in Brazilian young people.

RESUMO Objetivo: Propor e analisar a reprodutibilidade de um instrumento para verificar a presença e a intensidade da dor na coluna cervical, torácica e lombar em jovens brasileiros. Métodos: Estudo de reprodutibilidade com uma amostra de 458 participantes (13 a 20 anos). Dois grupos foram formados para cada sexo de acordo com o intervalo de dias entre teste e reteste (10±3 e 28±2 dias). Para a análise da dor na coluna, foi apresentada a figura de um corpo humano com as áreas da coluna cervical, torácica e lombar delimitadas. A seguinte pergunta foi realizada: durante um dia comum, você sente dor em alguma dessas regiões da coluna? Se sim, qual é a intensidade de 0 a 10 (marque um traço)? A extremidade com o número 0 correspondia à ausência de dor e o número 10, à dor muito intensa. A concordância na frequência e intensidade da dor foi verificada por meio do teste Kappa e da plotagem de Bland-Altman, respectivamente. Resultados: Os coeficientes de correlação intraclasse variaram de 0,71 (intervalo de confiança de 95% - IC95% - 0,59-0,79) a 0,94 (IC95% 0,90-0,96). Os resultados relativos à concordância no escore de dor mostraram que as diferenças médias foram próximas de 0 e a maior diferença média foi de -0,40 (IC95% -5,14-4,34). A concordância no relato de dor variou de 72,2 (Kappa 0,43; IC95% 0,28-0,58) a 90,1% (Kappa 0,76; IC95% 0,60-0,92). Conclusões: O instrumento demonstrou ser uma forma reprodutível de verificar a dor em diferentes regiões da coluna vertebral em jovens brasileiros.

PROPOSAL AND TEST-RETEST RELIABILITY OF A SCALE FOR CERVICAL, THORACIC, AND LUMBAR SPINE PAIN IN BRAZILIAN YOUNG PEOPLE.

OBJECTIVE: To propose and analyze the test-retest reliability of an instrument to verify the presence and intensity of pain in the cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine in Brazilian young people. METHODS: This reliability study enrolled a sample of 458 participants (13 to 20 years). Two groups were formed for each sex according to the range of days for the test-retest (10±3 and 28±2 days). For analysis of spinal pain, a drawing of the human body with cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine areas delimited was presented. The following question was presented: during a normal day, do you feel pain in any of these regions of your spine? If so, what is the intensity from 0 to 10 (mark on the line)? The starting point, with the number 0, corresponded to no pain, and the number 10 to severe pain. The agreement of frequency and of intensity of pain was verified by Kappa test and Bland-Altman plot, respectively. RESULTS: Intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.71 (confidence interval of 95% - 95%CI - 0.59-0.79) to 0.94 (95%CI 0.90-0.96). The results concerning the agreement of pain scores showed the mean differences to be close to 0, and the largest mean difference was -0.40 (95%CI -5.14-4.34). The agreement in reported pain ranged from 72.2 (Kappa 0.43; 95%CI 0.28-0.58) to 90.1% (Kappa 0.76; 95%CI 0.60-0.92). CONCLUSIONS: This instrument was shown to be a reliable manner to verify the pain in different regions of the spine in Brazilian young people.

Aulas de educação física e desfechos relacionados à saúde em estudantes brasileiros / Physical education classes and health outcomes in brazilian students

RESUMO Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a associação entre participação e atividade física durante as aulas de Educação Física com desfechos relacionados à saúde em estudantes brasileiros. Métodos: 681 estudantes brasileiros (50,5% do sexo feminino) com idades de 10 a 17 anos participaram desse estudo transversal. As variáveis independentes analisadas foram a participação e a atividade física durante as aulas de Educação Física, ambas estimadas por meio de um questionário autorrelatado. Os desfechos foram a aptidão cardiorrespiratória (teste de Shuttle Run de 20 m), força muscular (push-up test), sobrepeso e obesidade (índice de massa corporal) e pressão arterial elevada. A análise estatística foi realizada por meio da regressão de Poisson para estimar a razão de prevalência (RP) e os intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%) ajustados para as variáveis de confusão (idade, sexo, escolaridade dos pais, atividade física e comportamento sedentário), considerando a amostragem complexa. Resultados: A participação nas aulas de Educação física não se associou com nenhum dos desfechos estudados. Ser ativo durante as aulas de Educação física associou-se com o atendimento do critério de saúde para aptidão cardiorrespiratória (RP=1,34, IC95% 1,16-1,55) e força muscular (RP=1,36 IC95% 1,09-1,71). O mesmo não ocorreu para sobrepeso (RP=1,04, IC95% 0,95-1,14), obesidade (RP=1,02, IC95% 0,91-1,05) e pressão arterial elevada (RP=0,98, IC95% 0,90-1,06). Conclusões: Estudantes que relataram ser ativos nas aulas apresentaram maior probabilidade de atender aos critérios de saúde para aptidão cardiorrespiratória e força muscular. No entanto, as aulas tradicionalmente oferecidas no Brasil não protegem os estudantes do sobrepeso, obesidade ou pressão arterial elevada.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the association between participation and physical activity during Physical Education classes with health outcomes in Brazilian students. Methods: 681 Brazilian students (50.5% female) aged 10 to 17 years participated in this cross-sectional study. Independent variables analyzed were participation and physical activity during Physical Education classes, both assessed using a self-report questionnaire. The outcomes were: cardiorespiratory fitness (20-meter Shuttle Run test), muscle strength (Push-up test), overweight and obesity (body mass index) and high blood pressure. Statistical analysis was conducted by Poisson regression to estimate the prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) adjusted for confounding variables (age, sex, parental education, physical activity and sedentary behavior), considering the complex sample design. Results: Participation in Physical Education classes was not associated with any of the studied variables. Being active during Physical Education classes was associated with achieving health related criteria for cardiorespiratory fitness (PR=1.34, 95%CI 1.16-1.55) and muscle strength (PR=1.36, 95%CI 1.09-1.71). The same did not occur for overweight (PR=1.04, 95%CI 0.95-1.14), obesity (PR=1.02, 95%CI 0.91-1.05), or high blood pressure (PR=0.98, 95%CI 0.90-1.06). Conclusions: Students who reported being active during classes presented a higher likelihood to achieve the health criteria for cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle strength. However, classes traditionally offered in Brazil do not protect students from overweight, obesity, or high blood pressure.

PHYSICAL EDUCATION CLASSES AND HEALTH OUTCOMES IN BRAZILIAN STUDENTS. / AULAS DE EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA E DESFECHOS RELACIONADOS À SAÚDE EM ESTUDANTES BRASILEIROS.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association between participation and physical activity during Physical Education classes with health outcomes in Brazilian students. METHODS: 681 Brazilian students (50.5% female) aged 10 to 17 years participated in this cross-sectional study. Independent variables analyzed were participation and physical activity during Physical Education classes, both assessed using a self-report questionnaire. The outcomes were: cardiorespiratory fitness (20-meter Shuttle Run test), muscle strength (Push-up test), overweight and obesity (body mass index) and high blood pressure. Statistical analysis was conducted by Poisson regression to estimate the prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) adjusted for confounding variables (age, sex, parental education, physical activity and sedentary behavior), considering the complex sample design. RESULTS: Participation in Physical Education classes was not associated with any of the studied variables. Being active during Physical Education classes was associated with achieving health related criteria for cardiorespiratory fitness (PR=1.34, 95%CI 1.16-1.55) and muscle strength (PR=1.36, 95%CI 1.09-1.71). The same did not occur for overweight (PR=1.04, 95%CI 0.95-1.14), obesity (PR=1.02, 95%CI 0.91-1.05), or high blood pressure (PR=0.98, 95%CI 0.90-1.06). CONCLUSIONS: Students who reported being active during classes presented a higher likelihood to achieve the health criteria for cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle strength. However, classes traditionally offered in Brazil do not protect students from overweight, obesity, or high blood pressure.

OBJETIVO: O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a associação entre participação e atividade física durante as aulas de Educação Física com desfechos relacionados à saúde em estudantes brasileiros. MÉTODOS: 681 estudantes brasileiros (50,5% do sexo feminino) com idades de 10 a 17 anos participaram desse estudo transversal. As variáveis independentes analisadas foram a participação e a atividade física durante as aulas de Educação Física, ambas estimadas por meio de um questionário autorrelatado. Os desfechos foram a aptidão cardiorrespiratória (teste de Shuttle Run de 20 m), força muscular (push-up test), sobrepeso e obesidade (índice de massa corporal) e pressão arterial elevada. A análise estatística foi realizada por meio da regressão de Poisson para estimar a razão de prevalência (RP) e os intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%) ajustados para as variáveis de confusão (idade, sexo, escolaridade dos pais, atividade física e comportamento sedentário), considerando a amostragem complexa. RESULTADOS: A participação nas aulas de Educação física não se associou com nenhum dos desfechos estudados. Ser ativo durante as aulas de Educação física associou-se com o atendimento do critério de saúde para aptidão cardiorrespiratória (RP=1,34, IC95% 1,16-1,55) e força muscular (RP=1,36 IC95% 1,09-1,71). O mesmo não ocorreu para sobrepeso (RP=1,04, IC95% 0,95-1,14), obesidade (RP=1,02, IC95% 0,91-1,05) e pressão arterial elevada (RP=0,98, IC95% 0,90-1,06). CONCLUSÕES: Estudantes que relataram ser ativos nas aulas apresentaram maior probabilidade de atender aos critérios de saúde para aptidão cardiorrespiratória e força muscular. No entanto, as aulas tradicionalmente oferecidas no Brasil não protegem os estudantes do sobrepeso, obesidade ou pressão arterial elevada.

Higher cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness in males could not be attributed to physical activity, sports practice or sedentary behavior in young people / Maior aptidão cardiorrespiratória e muscular em meninos não pode ser atribuída à atividade física, prática esportiva ou comportamento sedentário em jovens

Abstract The purpose of the present study was to analyze if the association between sex with cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness is independent of physical activity, sports practice and sedentary behavior in young people. A cross-sectional study involving 729 participants aged 10 to 17 years. Physical activity, sports practice and sedentary behavior were assessed through a questionnaire. Cardiorespiratory fitness was measured using 20m shuttle run test and were analyzed: VO2max, number of laps and health-related criteria. Muscular fitness was assessed with 90o push-up test and number of repetition and health-related criteria was analyzed. Multiple linear regression was used to estimate β coeficients and Poisson regression estimated prevalence ratios (PR). Male sex was associated to higher cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max β = 9.04 to 9.77, Laps PR=1.67 to 1.80, health-related criteria PR=2.03 to 2.09) and the same occurred with muscular fitness (repetitions PR=2.81 to 3.01, health-related criteria PR=1.91 to 2.09). Similarly, the stratification of the sample according to physical activity, sports practice and sedentary behavior did not change the associations between sex with cardiorespiratory (VO2max β=8.07 to 10.00, Laps PR=1.49 to 1.85, health-related criteria PR=1.64 to 2.27) and muscular fitness (repetitions PR=2.24 to 3.22, health-related criteria PR=1.76 to 2.06). These data suggest that higher cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness in males could not be attributed to physical activity, sports practice or sedentary behavior in young people.

Resumo O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar se a associação entre o sexo e a aptidão cardiorrespiratória e muscular é independente da atividade física, prática esportiva e comportamento sedentário em jovens. Estudo transversal envolvendo 729 participantes com idade de 10 a 17 anos. A atividade física, prática esportiva e o comportamento sedentário foram analisados por meio de um questionário. A aptidão cardiorrespiratória foi medida pelo teste de vai e vem de 20m e foram analisados: VO2max, número de voltas e o critério de saúde. A aptidão muscular foi obtida pelo teste de flexão de cotovelos de 90º e foram analisados o número de repetições e o critério de saúde. A regressão linear múltipla foi utilizada para estimar os coeficientes β e a regressão de Poisson estimou a razão de prevalência (RP). O sexo masculino se associou com a maior aptidão cardiorrespiratória nas análises brutas e ajustadas (VO2max β = 9.04 a 9.77, voltas RP=1.67 a 1.80, critério de saúde RP=2.03 a 2.09) e o mesmo ocorreu com a aptidão muscular (repetições RP=2.81 a 3.01, critério de saúde RP=1.91 a 2.09). A estratificação da amostra de acordo com a atividade física, prática esportiva e comportamento sedentário não alterou as associações entre aptidão cardiorrespiratória (VO2max β=8.07 a 10.00, voltas RP=1.49 a 1.85, critério de saúde RP=1.64 a 2.27) e muscular (repetições RP=2.24 a 3.22, critério de saúde RP=1.76 a 2.06). Os resultados sugerem que a maior aptidão cardiorrespiratória e muscular em meninos não pode ser atribuída à atividade física, prática esportiva ou comportamento sedentário em jovens.

Overweight and obesity are not associated to high blood pressure in young people sport practitioners. / O sobrepeso e a obesidade não estão associados com a pressão arterial elevada em jovens praticantes de esportes.

The aim of this study was to analyze the association between overweight and obesity with high blood pressure (HBP) according to sports practice in young people. Took part in this study 636 young people aged 10 to 17 years of Londrina, Parana State, Brazil. Sex, age, parental education, sedentary behavior, sports practice, nutritional status and blood pressure were analysed. Poisson regression was used to estimate the prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% confidence intervals. Overweight and obesity young people showed higher prevalence of HBP compared to eutrophics when analysed the total sample (25,7 e 29,5 vs 15,2%) and non sport practitioners (29,7 e 33,3 vs 15,1%), which did not occur with sports practitioners (17,1 e 18,2 vs 15,5%). Positive associations were found between overweight and obesity with HBP in total sample (PR = 1,60, 1,02-2,52 and 1,93, 1,15-3,25) and on non sport practitioners (RP = 1,80, 1,05-3,14 and 2,15, 1,10-4,16). For young people sports practitioners were not found associations between overweight and obesity with HBP (PR = 1,01, 0,36-2,82 and 1,09, 0,48-2,48). Weight excess was not associated with HBP in young people sports practitioners, suggesting cardiovascular protection in young people with overweight and obesity.

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a associação entre o sobrepeso e a obesidade com a pressão arterial elevada (PAE), de acordo com a prática esportiva de jovens. Participaram do estudo 636 jovens de 10 a 17 anos da cidade de Londrina-PR. Foram analisadas as variáveis sexo, idade, escolaridade paterna, comportamento sedentário, prática esportiva, estado nutricional e pressão arterial. A regressão de Poisson foi utilizada para estimar a razão de prevalência (RP) e os intervalos de confiança de 95%. Jovens com sobrepeso e obesidade apresentaram maiores prevalências de PAE, comparados aos eutróficos, quando analisadas a amostra total (25,7 e 29,5 vs 15,2%) e os não praticantes de esportes (29,7 e 33,3 vs 15,1%), o mesmo não ocorrendo com os praticantes de esportes (17,1 e 18,2 vs 15,5%). Foram encontradas associações positivas entre o sobrepeso e a obesidade com a PAE na amostra total (RP = 1,60, 1,02-2,52 e 1,93, 1,15-3,25) e nos jovens não praticantes de esportes (RP = 1,80, 1,05-3,14 e 2,15, 1,10-4,16). Para os jovens praticantes de esportes não foram encontradas associações entre sobrepeso e obesidade com a PAE (RP = 1,01, 0,36-2,82 e 1,09, 0,48-2,48). O excesso de peso não se associou com a PAE em jovens praticantes de esportes, sugerindo proteção cardiovascular nos jovens com sobrepeso e obesidade.